“一带一路”倡议不仅是针对地区的，也是面向全球的，同时还为通往拉丁美洲和加勒比地区构建了一座跨太平洋的数字化桥梁
文｜胡安·卡洛斯·卡普纳伊（Juan Carlos Capuñay）秘鲁共和国驻华大使 翻译｜王晓波
为互利共赢的合作开辟新视野
2013年9月，在对哈萨克斯坦进行访问时，中国国家主席习近平提出了一个区域一体化建议，即“一带一路”倡议。在他看来，亚洲的文化和区域贸易一直是各国人民在互相信任，增进了解基础上促进双边关系向前发展的发动机。从这个意义上讲，文化已经成为了推动各国文明对话的载体和各国人民取得共识的路径，而区域贸易则是实现地区发展的具体体现。
从更广义的角度理解，“一带一路”倡议是综合性的项目，旨在以包容性发展为理念，实现多种文化共享和并存。它不应当被理解成是一个单一的模式，因为它不仅促进了各国彼此间的对话，也为互利共赢的合作开辟了新视野。
按照“一带一路”倡议的思路，区域一体化能够使各国沟通渠道更加通畅和便捷，从而推动投资和贸易的发展。它以设施连通为基础，让古丝绸之路重新焕发生机，中国可以借此与亚洲、非洲和欧洲展开更多的贸易往来。
当地时间2016年11月20日，秘鲁利马，亚太经合组织（APEC）会议持续举行
“一带一路”倡议与拉丁美洲和加勒比地区密切相关
该倡议还提出建立全球数字化框架，这就使它与拉丁美洲和加勒比地区也产生了联系。商贸关系、学术合作和利用现代化设施促进贸易和投资能够将历史上的海上丝绸之路延伸至拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，使之成为一个现代化的数字版丝绸之路。通过商会与企业达成的协议，各种不同方式的往来已经显现出来了，包括交流知识和经验的学术合作、技术转让和创新、科研领域的合作以及对本土知识的保护。
在“一带一路”倡议下，中国与拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的机构间合作可以通过像电子平台这样的电子商务技术得以实现，它们对中小企业发展文化交流、贸易和投资都非常有益。在当今环境下，电子商务远远超出了过去贸易和投资所涉及的范围，具有了更多的议题和内容。
“一带一路”倡议也与地区的金融机构有着密切联系。现在，区域金融机构能够在提高生产效率、基础设施建设、创意产业、中小企业发展和结构性改革方面提供金融扶持。在亚洲，总部设在北京的亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）所起的作用最引人注目，此外还有总部设在上海的金砖国家新开发银行（NDB），它是由金砖国家共同设立的。在拉丁美洲，发挥同样作用的是拉丁美洲开发银行，即前安第斯开发协会（CAF），它积极参与国家和区域综合发展计划，并且与中国和亚洲的相关机构有着密切的联系。拉丁美洲开发银行是中国—拉共体论坛中融资规划的成员方，这个论坛是2014年在习近平主席的提议下举办的。拉丁美洲开发银行与亚洲金融机构保持联系有利于该地区参与“一带一路”倡议下的项目，而这对该地区的国家来说是一个应当抓住的机会。
“一带一路”倡议也给该地区的贸易发展带来机遇。亚太经合组织论坛成立的初衷就是要为促进贸易自由化、投资便利化和技术合作多样化创造有利条件。根据2016年在秘鲁举办的亚太经济首脑会议通过的发展蓝图，亚太经合组织将致力于亚太自由贸易区（FTAAP）的谈判，该自贸区将包括亚洲的区域全面经济伙伴关系（RCEP）和拉丁美洲的太平洋联盟所覆盖的国家。现在鉴于“一带一路”倡议对亚洲区域经济发展的重要性，以及亚洲与拉丁美洲和加勒比地区经济相互依存的实际状况，必须将这一倡议与亚太经合组织及其区域发展目标结合考虑。
秘鲁积极融入“一带一路”倡议
最后，我想以秘鲁为例充分说明拉丁美洲和加勒比地区参与“一带一路”倡议的重要性。从文化方面看，秘鲁在拉丁美洲国家中拥有最大的华人社区，在整个西半球华人总数位居第二。在拉美国家中，中国在秘鲁的矿业投资最多，而且还有大量的中国公司在秘鲁从事商业活动。秘中双边贸易呈现出多样性，同时在拉美地区呈现快速增长的趋势。秘鲁已经与中国签署了自由贸易协议，两国目前是全面战略合作伙伴，建立经济合作战略对话、经贸混合委员会等合作机制，加强政策沟通及经贸投资合作的谋划和协调。秘鲁还是太平洋沿岸国家中唯一加入亚投行（AIIB）的国家，同时与金砖国家新开发银行（NDB）保持着建设性对话的关系。拉丁美洲开发银行位于秘鲁的办事处设有专职部门负责与中国和其它亚洲国家保持联系。
习近平主席提出的这一倡议对于亚洲民族和区域发展具有重要的推动作用，同时它带给拉美及其它地区的益处也是显而易见的。“一带一路”倡议不仅是针对地区的，也是面向全球的，而且它还为通往拉丁美洲和加勒比地区构建了一座跨太平洋的数字化桥梁。
One Belt One Road Transpacific Digital Bridge Towards Lac
By Juan Carlos Capuñay, Ambassador of Peru to the People’s Republic of China
In September 2013, during his visit toKazakhstan, the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinpingproposed the regional integration initiative: “One Belt, One Road”. Accordingto his vision, culture and regional trade in Asia have been the engine forbilateral relations based on mutual confidence and respect. In that sense,culture becomes avehicle to promote inter-civilization dialogue and consensusamong people. While regional trade is a powerful tool for generating exchangesbetween people and promoting common development in the way.
The “One Belt, One Road Initiative” has acomprehensive approach, oriented towards increasing mutual cultural knowledgeand incentives for achieving in clusive development. It is not, whatsoever, thepromotion of a single development model. On the contrary, it advocates dialogueand a renewed vision of mutually beneficial cooperation based on differenttracks of development
Moreover, in the “One Belt, One RoadInitiative”, regional integration facilitates communication channels toeaseinvestment and trade. It is, therefore, the basis for renewing the physicalconnectivity of the ancient Silk Road, which once built the trade routes ofChina with the rest of Asia, Africa and Europe.
From a digital global perspective, LatinAmerica and the Caribbean can also be included in this promising initiative. Itcan be so through the academic cooperation and the trade and investment linksit has with China in order to build a modern Silk Digital Road. In thatdirection and as a point of departure, China and the region could use thedifferent agreements their chambers of commerce and private organizationsalready have. To move forward they could strengthen their exchange of knowledgeand development experiences, transfers of technology, scientific and innovationcooperation and the preservation of indigenous technology.
China's institutional connectivity withLatin America and the Caribbean under the “One Belt, One Road Initiative” canmake use of e-commerce technology, such as electronic platforms, to benefitSMEs, inclusive development, cultural exchange, trade and investment. Today,institutional connectivity offers a wider reach than what trade and investmentused to do.
The “One Belt, One Road Initiative” is alsolinked to regional financial institutions.Today, these institutions offerfinancing in areas such as capacity production, infrastructure, creativeindustries, SMEs, and structural reforms. In Asia, the role of theBeijing-based Asian Investment Infrastructure Bank (AIIB) should behighlighted, as well as the New Development Bank (NDB), based in Shanghai, andcreated by the largest emerging economies, BRICS. In Latin America, this rolecan be fulfilled by CAF Latin American Development Bank, which has an importantparticipation in comprehensive national and regional development programs.Additionally, it has important links with institutions in China and Asia and isalso of the financing schemes advocated in the Forum of China and Community ofLatin American and Caribbean States – China-CELAC Forum, created on theinitiative of President Xi in 2013. Linking CAF with other Asian financialinstitutions and letting them prepare and develop projects together could facilitatethe footprint of Latin America in the “One Belt, One Road Initiative”. Needlessto say, this would provide a tremendous and historic opportunity forsustainable development in Latin America.
Furthermore, the “One Belt, One Roadinitiative” can be seen as part of the Regional trade Architecture envisionedby the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum – APEC in thepromotion of Trade Liberalization, Investment Facilitation, and TechnicalCooperation for Development. According to the road map approved by the EconomicLeaders of the Asia Pacific Summit held in Peru in 2016, APEC is committed tothe negotiation of the Free Trade Area of Asia Pacific (FTAAP). This could beenhanced by the inclusion of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)in Asia and the Pacific Alliance in Latin America. Due to the importance of the“One Belt, One Road Initiative” for regional economic development in Asia; plusthe increasing economic interdependence of Asia with Latin America and theCaribbean, this Initiative could be linked with APEC and its regional goals.
Finally, I believe it is important tosingle out the case of Peru as one of the most representative for a LatinAmerican and Caribbean presence in the “One Belt, One Road Initiative”. Incultural terms it has the largest Chinese community in Latin America and thesecond one in the Western Hemisphere. It is the largest destination in LatinAmerica for mining investments and it has a significant number of Chinesecompanies in the sector. Bilateral trade is diversified and it has the highestgrowth rate in Latin America. It has signed a FTA with China and itsComprehensive Strategic Partnership is guided by a Strategic Economic DialogueCommittee. Peru is the only Pacific coast country that is part of the AsianInvestment Infrastructure Bank (AIIB) and it maintains a constructive dialoguewith the New Development Bank -NDB. CAF Latin American Development Bank’soffice in Peru has a specialized structure for its relations with China and therest of Asia.
President Xi’s Initiative is instrumentalfor national and regional development in Asia, which benefits can also beoutsourced to Latin America and other regions. The “One Belt, One RoadInitiative” is both a Global and Regional project, but it is also a TranspacificDigital Bridge towards Latin America and the Caribbean.